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Source 1 Keep Mum the World Has Ears Federal Art Project Between 1941 and 1943 Meaning

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New Deal relief program to fund the visual arts

Federal Art Projection
Federal-Art-Project-Icon.jpg

Eagle and palette design regarded every bit the logo of the Federal Fine art Project
Agency overview
Formed 29 August 1935 (1935-08-29)
Dissolved 1943 (1943)
Jurisdiction Us
Headquarters Washington, D.C.
Agency executive
  • Holger Cahill
Parent department Works Progress Assistants (WPA)

The Federal Art Project (1935–1943) was a New Deal plan to fund the visual arts in the United States. Nether national manager Holger Cahill, information technology was ane of five Federal Projection Number Ane projects sponsored past the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the largest of the New Deal art projects. It was created not as a cultural activeness, but as a relief mensurate to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic fine art, posters, photography, theatre breathtaking blueprint, and arts and crafts. The WPA Federal Art Project established more 100 community art centers throughout the country, researched and documented American blueprint, commissioned a meaning torso of public art without restriction to content or discipline affair, and sustained some x,000 artists and arts and crafts workers during the Bully Depression.

Background [edit]

Affiche summarizing Federal Art Projection employment and activities (November 1, 1936)

The Federal Art Projection was the visual arts arm of the Not bad Low-era WPA, a Federal 1 programme. Funded under the Emergency Relief Cribbing Act of 1935, it operated from August 29, 1935, until June 30, 1943. It was created as a relief measure to utilize artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photographs, Index of American Design documentation, museum and theatre scenic blueprint, and arts and crafts. The Federal Art Project operated community art centers throughout the country where craft workers and artists worked, exhibited, and educated others.[2] The project created more than 200,000 separate works, some of them remaining among the most significant pieces of public art in the land.[iii]

The Federal Art Projection'southward primary goals were to employ out-of-piece of work artists and to provide art for nonfederal municipal buildings and public spaces. Artists were paid $23.60 a week; tax-supported institutions such as schools, hospitals, and public buildings paid just for materials.[iv] The piece of work was divided into art product, art educational activity, and art research. The main output of the art-research group was the Index of American Blueprint, a mammoth and comprehensive study of American material culture.

As many as 10,000 artists were commissioned to produce work for the WPA Federal Art Project,[v] the largest of the New Deal art projects. Three comparable but distinctly separate New Deal fine art projects were administered by the United States Section of the Treasury: the Public Works of Art Project (1933–1934), the Section of Painting and Sculpture (1934–1943), and the Treasury Relief Art Project (1935–1938).[6]

The WPA plan made no distinction between representational and nonrepresentational art. Abstraction had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s, and then was virtually unsalable. Every bit a result, the Federal Art Projection supported such iconic artists equally Jackson Pollock before their work could earn them income.[7]

One particular success was the Milwaukee Handicraft Projection, which started in 1935 every bit an experiment that employed 900 people who were classified as unemployable due to their age or disability.[1] : 164 The projection came to use about five,000 unskilled workers, many of them women and the long-term unemployed. Historian John Gurda observed that the city'southward unemployment hovered at forty% in 1933. "In that twelvemonth," he said, "53 pct of Milwaukee'southward property taxes went unpaid because people just could non afford to make the tax payments."[8] Workers were taught bookbinding, block printing, and design, which they used to create handmade art books and children'south books. They produced toys, dolls,[nine] theatre costumes, quilts,[8] rugs, draperies, wall hangings, and furniture that were purchased by schools, hospitals,[ane] : 164 and municipal organizations[10] for the price of materials only.[11] In 2014, when the Museum of Wisconsin Fine art mounted an exhibition of items created by the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, article of furniture from it was however existence used at the Milwaukee Public Library.[8]

Holger Cahill was national director of the Federal Art Projection. Other administrators included Audrey McMahon, director of the New York Region (New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia); Clement B. Haupers, director for Minnesota;[12] George Godfrey Thorp (Illinois), [13] and Robert Bruce Inverarity, director for Washington. Regional New York supervisors of the Federal Art Project have included sculptor William Ehrich (1897–1960) of the Buffalo Unit (1938–1939), project manager of the Buffalo Zoo expansion.[14]

Notable artists [edit]

Some x,000 artists were commissioned to piece of work for the Federal Art Projection.[5] Notable artists include the following:

  • William Abbenseth[xv]
  • Berenice Abbott[16]
  • Ida York Abelman[one] : 178
  • Gertrude Abercrombie[17]
  • Benjamin Abramowitz[18]
  • Abe Ajay[xix]
  • Ivan Albright[i] : 161
  • Maxine Albro[20]
  • Charles Alston[21]
  • Harold Ambellan[22]
  • Luis Arenal[23]
  • Bruce Ariss[24]
  • Victor Arnautoff[25]
  • Sheva Ausubel[26]
  • Jozef Bakos[27]
  • Henry Bannarn[28]
  • Belle Baranceanu[29]
  • Patrociño Barela[30]
  • Will Barnet[31]
  • Richmond Barthé[32]
  • Herbert Bayer[1] : 195
  • William Baziotes[33]
  • Lester Beall[i] : 194
  • Harrison Begay[34]
  • Daisy Maud Bellis[35] [36]
  • Rainey Bennett[37] : 138
  • Aaron Berkman[38]
  • Leon Bibel[39]
  • Robert Blackburn[i] : 170
  • Arnold Flinch[37] : 153
  • Lucile Blanch[40]
  • Lucienne Bloch[4]
  • Aaron Bohrod[37] : 144
  • Ilya Bolotowsky[41] [42]
  • Adele Brandeis[43]
  • Louise Brann[44]
  • Edgar Britton[37] : 138
  • Manuel Bromberg[45]
  • James Brooks[46] [47]
  • Selma Burke[48]
  • Letterio Calapai[49]
  • Samuel Cashwan[37] : 156
  • Giorgio Cavallon[fifty]
  • Daniel Celentano[51]
  • Dane Chanase[52]
  • Fay Chong[53]
  • Claude Clark[54]
  • Max Arthur Cohn[55]
  • Eldzier Cortor[56]
  • Arthur Covey[57]
  • Alfred D. Crimi[58]
  • Francis Criss[59]
  • Allan Crite[37] : 144
  • Robert Cronbach[22]
  • John Steuart Curry[57]
  • Philip Campbell Curtis[60]
  • James Daugherty[57]
  • Stuart Davis[61]
  • Adolf Dehn[62]
  • Willem de Kooning[ane] : 186
  • Burgoyne Diller[63]
  • Isami Doi[64]
  • Mabel Dwight[1] : 180, 182
  • Ruth Egri[65]
  • Fritz Eichenberg[66]
  • Jacob Elshin[53]
  • George Pearse Ennis[67]
  • Angna Enters[68]
  • Philip Evergood[1] : 161, 174
  • Louis Ferstadt[69]
  • Alexander Finta[70]
  • Joseph Chip[34]
  • Seymour Fogel[4] [37] : 138
  • Lily Furedi[71]
  • Todros Geller[72]
  • Aaron Gelman[57]
  • Eugenie Gershoy[73]
  • Enrico Glicenstein[74]
  • Vincent Glinsky[75]
  • Bertram Goodman[76]
  • Arshile Gorky[1] : 186
  • Harry Gottlieb[37] : 154
  • Blanche Grambs[37] : 154
  • Morris Graves[53]
  • Balcomb Greene[42]
  • Marion Greenwood[77]
  • Waylande Gregory[78]
  • Philip Guston[ane] : 161
  • Irving Guyer[79]
  • Abraham Harriton[80]
  • Marsden Hartley[1] : 161
  • Knute Heldner[81]
  • August Henkel[82]
  • Ralf Henricksen[83]
  • Magnus Colcord Heurlin[57]
  • Hilaire Hiler[37] : 145
  • Louis Hirshman[84] [85]
  • Donal Hord[86]
  • Axel Horn[87]
  • Milton Horn[88]
  • Allan Houser[34]
  • Eitaro Ishigaki[89]
  • Edwin Boyd Johnson[37] : 140
  • Sargent Claude Johnson[xc]
  • Tom Loftin Johnson[91]
  • William H. Johnson[92]
  • Leonard D. Jungwirth[56]
  • Reuben Kadish[93]
  • Sheffield Kagy[94]
  • Jacob Kainen[95]
  • David Karfunkle[96]
  • Leon Kelly[37] : 145
  • Paul Kelpe[42]
  • Troy Kinney[57]
  • Georgina Klitgaard[37] : 145
  • Factor Kloss[37] : 154
  • Karl Knaths[37] : 141, 146
  • Edwin B. Knutesen[97]
  • Lee Krasner[98]
  • Kalman Kubinyi[99]
  • Yasuo Kuniyoshi[37] : 154
  • Jacob Lawrence[1] : 161
  • Edward Laning[37] : 141
  • Michael Lantz[100]
  • Blanche Lazzell[37] : 154
  • Tom Lea[101]
  • Lawrence Lebduska[37] : 146
  • Joseph LeBoit[102]
  • William Robinson Leigh[34]
  • Julian Eastward. Levi[37] : 146
  • Jack Levine[37] : 146
  • Monty Lewis[103]
  • Elba Lightfoot[104]
  • Abraham Lishinsky[37] : 141
  • Michael Loew[105]
  • Thomas Gaetano LoMedico[106]
  • Louis Lozowick[ane] : 168, 171
  • Nan Lurie[37] : 155
  • Guy Maccoy[107]
  • Stanton Macdonald-Wright[108]
  • George McNeil[37] : 144
  • Moissaye Marans[109]
  • David Margolis[110]
  • Kyra Markham[37] : 155
  • Jack Markow][111]
  • Mercedes Matter[112]
  • Jan Matulka[37] : 144
  • Dina Melicov[113]
  • Hugh Mesibov[114]
  • Katherine Milhous[37] : 163
  • Jo Mora[115]
  • Helmuth Naumer[34]
  • Louise Nevelson[116]
  • James Michael Newell[117]
  • Spencer Baird Nichols[57]
  • Elizabeth Olds[118]
  • John Opper[119]
  • William C. Palmer[37] : 142 [120]
  • Phillip Pavia[57]
  • Irene Rice Pereira[121]
  • Jackson Pollock[122]
  • George Post[37] : 150
  • Gregorio Prestopino[37] : 147
  • Mac Raboy[123]
  • Anton Refregier[37] : 155
  • Advertisement Reinhardt[124]
  • Misha Reznikoff[37] : 147
  • Mischa Richter[57]
  • Diego Rivera[125]
  • José de Rivera[126]
  • Emanuel Glicen Romano[127]
  • Mark Rothko[one] : 161
  • Alexander Rummler[57]
  • Augusta Savage[128] [129]
  • Concetta Scaravaglione[37] : 157
  • Louis Schanker[130]
  • Edwin Scheier[131]
  • Mary Scheier[131]
  • Carl Schmitt[57]
  • William Southward. Schwartz[37] : 147
  • Georgette Seabrooke[132]
  • Ben Shahn[133] [134]
  • William Howard Shuster[135]
  • Mitchell Siporin[136]
  • John French Sloan[5]
  • Joseph Solman[137]
  • William Sommer[37] : 151
  • Isaac Soyer[138]
  • Moses Soyer[1] : 161
  • Raphael Soyer[ane] : 32
  • Ralph Stackpole[139]
  • Cesare Stea[140]
  • Walter Steinhart[57]
  • Joseph Stella[1] : 175
  • Harry Sternberg[1] : 167
  • Sakari Suzuki[141]
  • Albert Swinden[42] [142]
  • Rufino Tamayo[37] : 151
  • Elizabeth Terrell[37] : 147
  • Lenore Thomas[1] : 323
  • Dox Thrash[three] : 373
  • Marker Tobey[1] : 161 [53]
  • Harry Everett Townsend[57]
  • Edward Buk Ulreich[47]
  • Charles Umlauf[143]
  • Jacques Van Aalten[144]
  • Stuyvesant Van Veen[145]
  • Herman Volz[146]
  • Mark Voris[147]
  • John Augustus Walker[148]
  • Andrew Wintertime[5]
  • Jean Xceron[149]
  • Edgar Yaeger[150]
  • Bernard Zakheim[151] [152]
  • Karl Zerbe[37] : 148

[edit]

Jacksonville Negro Art Center, Jacksonville, Florida

Poster for the opening of the Stonemason Urban center Art Center, Mason Metropolis, Iowa (1941)

Course at the Harlem Customs Art Eye (January 1, 1938)

Poster for the open house of the Greensboro Fine art Heart, Greensboro, North Carolina (1937)

Back-scratch County Art Center, Gold Beach, Oregon

The first federally sponsored community art center opened in December 1936 in Raleigh, Due north Carolina.[153]

Country Urban center Name Notes
Alabama Birmingham Extension art gallery[iii] : 441
Alabama Birmingham Healey Schoolhouse Art Gallery [three] : 441
Alabama Mobile Mobile Art Centre, Public Library Edifice [3] : 441
Arizona Phoenix Phoenix Art Center [three] : 441
District of Columbia Washington, D.C. Children'southward Art Gallery [3] : 441
Florida Bradenton Bradenton Art Middle [iii] : 441
Florida Coral Gables Coral Gables Art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 441
Florida Daytona Beach Daytona Beach Art Eye [three] : 441
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Art Heart [iii] : 441
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Beach Art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 441
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Negro Art Center Extension art gallery[three] : 441 [154]
Florida Key West Key West Community Fine art Center [iii] : 441
Florida Miami Miami Art Eye [3] : 441
Florida Milton Milton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 441
Florida New Smyrna Beach New Smyrna Beach Art Center [three] : 441
Florida Ocala Ocala Fine art Centre [iii] : 441
Florida Pensacola Pensacola Art Eye [3] : 441
Florida St. Petersburg Jordan Park Negro Exhibition Center [3] : 441
Florida Saint petersburg St. petersburg Fine art Centre [three] : 442
Florida Petrograd St. Petersburg Civic Exhibition Center [iii] : 442
Florida Tampa Tampa Art Eye [three] : 442
Florida Tampa Westward Tampa Negro Fine art Gallery [3] : 442
Illinois Chicago Hyde Park Art Center [three] : 442
Illinois Chicago S Side Community Fine art Centre [3] : 442
Iowa Mason City Mason City Fine art Center [3] : 442
Iowa Ottumwa Ottumwa Fine art Heart [3] : 442
Iowa Sioux Urban center Sioux City Art Center [three] : 442
Kansas Topeka Topeka Art Center [3] : 442
Minnesota Minneapolis Walker Fine art Center [iii] : 442 [155]
Mississippi Greenville Delta Art Center [3] : 442
Mississippi Oxford Oxford Art Center [3] : 442 [156]
Mississippi Sunflower Sunflower County Fine art Centre [iii] : 442
Missouri St. Louis The People's Art Center [3] : 442
Montana Butte Butte Art Center [iii] : 442
Montana Great Falls Swell Falls Art Center [3] : 442
New Mexico Gallup Gallup Fine art Heart [3] : 443 [34]
New Mexico Melrose Melrose Art Eye [3] : 443
New Mexico Roswell Roswell Museum and Fine art Eye [3] : 443
New York City Brooklyn Brooklyn Community Fine art Centre [3] : 443
New York City Manhattan Gimmicky Art Eye [iii] : 443 [157]
New York City Harlem Harlem Community Art Middle [iii] : 443
New York City Flushing, Queens Queensboro Community Art Center [3] : 443
North Carolina Cary Cary Gallery Extension fine art gallery[3] : 443
North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro Fine art Eye [153]
Northward Carolina Greenville Greenville Art Gallery [3] : 443
North Carolina Raleigh Crosby-Garfield Schoolhouse Extension fine art gallery[3] : 443
Northward Carolina Raleigh Needham B. Broughton Loftier Schoolhouse Extension art gallery[3] : 443
North Carolina Raleigh Raleigh Art Centre [3] : 444
Due north Carolina Wilmington Wilmington Art Center [3] : 443
Oklahoma Bristow Bristow Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 443
Oklahoma Claremore Claremore Art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 443
Oklahoma Claremore Will Rogers Public Library Extension art gallery[three] : 443
Oklahoma Clinton Clinton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 443
Oklahoma Cushing Cushing Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 443
Oklahoma Edmond Edmond Art Gallery Extension art gallery[three] : 443
Oklahoma Marlow Marlow Fine art Gallery Extension art gallery[three] : 443
Oklahoma Oklahoma City Oklahoma Art Heart [three] : 443
Oklahoma Okmulgee Okmulgee Art Middle Extension art gallery[three] : 443
Oklahoma Sapulpa Sapulpa Art Gallery Extension fine art gallery[3] : 443
Oklahoma Shawnee Shawnee Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 443
Oklahoma Skiatook Skiatook Art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 443
Oregon Gold Beach Curry County Art Center [3] : 444
Oregon La Grande Grande Ronde Valley Art Center [three] : 444
Oregon Salem Salem Fine art Heart [three] : 444
Pennsylvania Somerset Somerset Art Eye [3] : 444
Tennessee Chattanooga Hamilton County Fine art Center [3] : 444
Tennessee Memphis LeMoyne Art Center [three] : 444
Tennessee Nashville Peabody Art Center [iii] : 444
Tennessee Norris Anderson County Art Center [iii] : 444
Utah Cedar Metropolis Cedar City Art Exhibition Association Extension art gallery[3] : 444
Utah Helper Helper Community Gallery Extension fine art gallery[3] : 444
Utah Price Price Customs Gallery Extension fine art gallery[3] : 444
Utah Provo Provo Community Gallery Extension art gallery[three] : 444
Utah Table salt Lake City Utah Land Art Eye [3] : 444
Virginia Altavista Altavista Extension Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Virginia Big Stone Gap Large Stone Gap Art Gallery [3] : 444
Virginia Lynchburg Lynchburg Art Gallery [3] : 444
Virginia Richmond Children's Art Gallery [3] : 444
Virginia Saluda Middlesex County Museum Extension fine art gallery[3] : 444
Washington Chehalis Lewis County Exhibition Center Extension art gallery[three] : 444
Washington Pullman Washington State College Extension art gallery[iii] : 444
Washington Spokane Spokane Art Center [3] : 444 [158]
West Virginia Morgantown Morgantown Art Heart [3] : 445
Due west Virginia Parkersburg Parkersburg Art Centre [3] : 445
West Virginia Scotts Run Scotts Run Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Casper Casper Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Lander Lander Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Laramie Laramie Fine art Center [iii] : 445
Wyoming Newcastle Lander Fine art Gallery Extension art gallery[iii] : 445
Wyoming Rawlins Rawlins Art Gallery Extension fine art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Riverton Riverton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Rock Springs Rock Springs Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445
Wyoming Sheridan Sheridan Art Gallery Extension art gallery[three] : 445
Wyoming Torrington Torrington Art Gallery Extension art gallery[3] : 445

Alphabetize of American Design [edit]

Federal Art Project Illinois poster for an exhibition of the Index of American Design

As we written report the drawings of the Index of American Pattern we realize that the hands that made the first ii hundred years of this country's material culture expressed something more than untutored creative instinct and the rude vigor of a borderland civilisation. … The Index, in bringing together thousands of particulars from various sections of the country, tells the story of American mitt skills and traces intelligible patterns within that story.

—Holger Cahill, national director of the Federal Fine art Project[159] : 15


The Index of American Design program of the Federal Art Project produced a pictorial survey of the crafts and decorative arts of the U.s.a. from the early colonial period to 1900. Artists working for the Alphabetize produced nigh 18,000 meticulously faithful watercolor drawings,[1] : 226 documenting cloth civilisation by largely anonymous artisans.[159] : ix Objects range from piece of furniture, silver, drinking glass, stoneware and textiles to tavern signs, ships's figureheads, cigar-shop figures, carousel horses, toys, tools and weather vanes.[i] : 224 [160] Photography was used merely to a limited caste since artists could more accurately and effectively present the grade, character, colour and texture of the objects. The best drawings approach the work of such 19th-century trompe-l'œil painters as William Harnett; lesser works represent the procedure of artists who were given employment and good training.[159] : xiv

"It was not a nostalgic or antiquarian enterprise," wrote historian Roger K. Kennedy. "It was initiated by modernists dedicated to abstract design, hoping to influence industrial pattern — thus in many ways it parallelled the founding philosophy of the Museum of Modern Art in New York."[1] : 224

Similar all WPA programs, the Index had the primary purpose of providing employment.[161] Its function was to identify and record textile of historical significance that had not been studied and was in danger of being lost. Its aim was to gather together these pictorial records into a trunk of fabric that would form the basis for organic development of American design — a usable American by accessible to artists, designers, manufacturers, museums, libraries and schools. The United States had no single comprehensive collection of authenticated historical native design comparable to those available to scholars, artists and industrial designers in Europe.[162]

"In one sense the Index is a kind of archaeology," wrote Holger Cahill. "Information technology helps to right a bias which has tended to relegate the work of the craftsman and the folk creative person to the hidden of our history where it can be recovered just by excavation. In the past we have lost whole sequences out of their story, and accept all only forgotten the unique contribution of manus skills in our culture."[159] : fifteen

The Alphabetize of American Design operated in 34 states and the District of Columbia from 1935 to 1942. It was founded by Romana Javitz, head of the Moving-picture show Collection of the New York Public Library, and textile designer Ruth Reeves.[i] : 224 Reeves was appointed the first national coordinator; she was succeeded by C. Adolph Glassgold (1936) and Benjamin Knotts (1940). Constance Rourke was national editor.[159] : xii The work is in the drove of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.[163]

The Index employed an boilerplate of 300 artists during its half-dozen years in performance.[159] : xiv I creative person was Magnus S. Fossum, a longtime farmer who was compelled by the Depression to move from the Midwest to Florida. After he lost his left hand in an accident in 1934, he produced watercolor renderings for the Index, using magnifiers and drafting instruments for accuracy and precision. Fossum eventually received an insurance settlement that made it possible for him to buy some other farm and leave the Federal Art Project.[1] : 228

In her essay,'Picturing a Usable Past,' Virginia Tuttle Clayton, curator of the 2002-2003 exhibition, Drawing on America'due south Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design, held at the National Gallery of Art noted that "the Index of American Design was the result of an ambitious and creative effort to furnish for the visual arts a usable past."[164]

  • church of sanctuario at chimayo-panel from reredos

  • Fly Catcher, 1937.Frank McEntee - National Gallery of Art.

  • Magnus Fossum copying the 1770 Boston Town Coverlet (February 1940)

  • Boston Boondocks Coverlet
    Magnus Fossum (1935–1942)

  • Poke Bonnet,Irene Lawson. Index of American Design.National Gallery of Art

  • Daguerreotype Instance Alphabetize of American Blueprint

  • "Age of Knightly" Circus Wagon, c. 1938

  • Noah's Ark with animals-Sunday toy

WPA Art Recovery Projection [edit]

External video
Sixthaveatfourteenth FAP John Sloan.jpg
video icon Returning America's Art to America, General Services Administration[165]

Hundreds of thousands of artworks were deputed under the Federal Art Project.[5] Many of the portable works have been lost, abandoned, or given away as unauthorized gifts. Every bit custodian of the work, which remains federal belongings, the General Services Assistants (GSA) maintains an inventory[166] and works with the FBI and art community to identify and recover WPA fine art.[167] In 2010, it produced a 22-minute documentary about the WPA Art Recovery Projection, "Returning America's Art to America", narrated by Charles Osgood.[168]

In July 2014, the GSA estimated that only 20,000 of the portable works have been located to date.[166] [169] In 2015, GSA investigators found 122 Federal Art Project paintings in California libraries, where most had been stored and forgotten.[170]

See also [edit]

  • List of Federal Art Project artists
  • Section of Painting and Sculpture
  • Public Works of Art Project
  • Subcontract Security Administration which employed photographers.

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f chiliad h i j chiliad l yard n o p q r s t u v w 10 y z aa ab Kennedy, Roger G.; Larkin, David (2009). When Art Worked: The New Bargain, Fine art, and Democracy. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. ISBN978-0-8478-3089-three.
  2. ^ "Employment and Activities affiche for the WPA's Federal Fine art Project, 1936". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2015-06-xvi .
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m due north o p q r south t u five w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd exist bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq Kalfatovic, Martin R. (1994). The New Deal Fine Arts Projects: A Bibliography, 1933–1992. Metuchen, North.J.: Scarecrow Printing. ISBN0-8108-2749-2 . Retrieved 2015-06-17 .
  4. ^ a b c Brenner, Anita (April ten, 1938). "America Creates American Murals". The New York Times . Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  5. ^ a b c d e Naylor, Brian (April 16, 2014). "New Deal Treasure: Regime Searches For Long-Lost Art". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved 2015-06-thirteen .
  6. ^ "New Deal Artwork: GSA's Inventory Projection". General Services Administration. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  7. ^ Atkins, Robert (1993). ArtSpoke: A Guide to Modern Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1848-1944. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-one-55859-388-half-dozen.
  8. ^ a b c Whaley, Thou. P. (Apr xxx, 2014). "Low-Era Milwaukee Handicraft Project Put Thousands of People to Work". The Kathleen Dunn Show. Wisconsin Public Radio. Retrieved 2015-eleven-29 .
  9. ^ "WPA – Milwaukee Handicraft Project". Museum of Wisconsin Art. Retrieved 2015-xi-29 .
  10. ^ Roosevelt, Eleanor (Nov 13, 1936). "My Day". Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. The George Washington Academy. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  11. ^ "WPA Milwaukee Handicraft Project". School of Continuing Education, Employment and Training Constitute. Academy of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Retrieved 2015-11-29 .
  12. ^ "WPA Art Project". Library. Minnesota Historical Lodge. Retrieved 2015-11-29 .
  13. ^ Smithsonian. Archives of American Art. George Godfrey Thorp papers, 1941–1970
  14. ^ Ehrich, Nancy and Roger. "William Ernst Ehrich Biography". Retrieved 17 Baronial 2018.
  15. ^ "Oral history interview with William Abbenseth". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. November 23, 1964. Retrieved 2015-06-xvi .
  16. ^ "Background". Irresolute New York. New York Public Library. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  17. ^ "Gertrude Abercrombie papers". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2015-06-eleven .
  18. ^ "The Artist and His Life". The Artwork of Benjamin Abramowitz (1917–2011). S.A. Rosenbaum & Associates. Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  19. ^ "Abe Ajay, Industry". The Drove Online. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2015-06-22 .
  20. ^ "Oral history interview with Maxine Albro and Parker Hall". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. July 27, 1964. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
  21. ^ "Oral history interview with Charles Henry Alston". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. September 28, 1965. Retrieved 2015-06-xvi .
  22. ^ a b "The Artists of Buffalo's Willert Park Courts Sculptures". Western New York Heritage Press. Archived from the original on 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2015-06-xv .
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Further reading [edit]

  • DeNoon, Christopher. Posters of the WPA (Los Angeles: Wheatley Press, 1987).
  • Grieve, Victoria. The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture (2009) excerpt
  • Kennedy, Roger G.; David Larkin (2009). When art worked. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN978-0-8478-3089-iii.
  • Kelly, Andrew, Kentucky by Pattern: American Civilization, the Decorative Arts and the Federal Art Project's Index of American Pattern, Academy Press of Kentucky, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8131-5567-8
  • Russo, Jillian. "The Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project Reconsidered." Visual Resources 34.one-ii (2018): 13-32.

External links [edit]

  • The Living New Deal research project and online public archive at the University of California, Berkeley
  • Recovering America's Art for America (2010), Full general Services Administration brusk documentary most efforts to recover WPA art
  • Posters for the People, online annal of WPA posters
  • WPA Posters collection at the Library of Congress
  • New Deal Art Registry
  • wpamurals.com – links to each state, with examples of WPA art in each
  • Federal Fine art Project Photographic Division drove at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
  • "1934: A New Bargain for Artists" Exhibition at the Smithsonian American Art Museum
  • "Art Within Accomplish": Federal Fine art Project Customs Art Centers at George Mason University
  • WPA Murals and American Abstract Artists at American Abstract Artists
  • WPA Prints and Murals in New York
  • Collection: "Art of the Works Progress Administration WPA" from the Academy of Michigan Museum of Art

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Art_Project

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